Corrosion bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na-akpatavalvụmmebi. N'ihi ya, navalvụnchebe, valvụ mgbochi corrosion bụ ihe dị mkpa iji tụlee.
Valveụdị corrosion
A na-ebute nrụrụ nke ọla n'ụzọ bụ isi site na corrosion kemịkalụ na corrosion electrochemical, na corrosion nke ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla na-ebutekarị site na kemịkalụ na omume anụ ahụ.
1. Chemical corrosion
N'okpuru ọnọdụ na ọ dịghị ugbu a na-emepụta, ndị gbara ya gburugburu na-emeghachi omume ozugbo na metal na-ebibi ya, dị ka corrosion nke metal site elu okpomọkụ akọrọ gas na-abụghị electrolytic ngwọta.
2. Galvanic corrosion
Igwe ahụ na-ejikọta na electrolyte, na-eme ka mmiri nke electrons, nke na-eme ka onwe ya mebie site na electrochemical, nke bụ isi ụdị corrosion.
Ngwọta nnu na-emekarị acid-base corrosion, ikuku ikuku, corrosion ala, corrosion mmiri mmiri, microbial corrosion, pitting corrosion na crevice corrosion nke igwe anaghị agba nchara, wdg, bụ ihe niile electrochemical corrosion. Electrochemical corrosion ọ bụghị nanị na-apụta n'etiti ihe abụọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ kemịkal, ma na-emepụtakwa ọdịiche dị iche iche n'ihi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ngwọta nke ngwọta, ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ikuku oxygen gbara ya gburugburu, ntakịrị ihe dị iche na nhazi nke ihe ahụ, wdg, na-enweta ike nke corrosion, nke mere na ígwè nwere ike dị ala na ọnọdụ nke efere anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-efunahụ.
Ọnụego corrosion valvụ
Enwere ike kewaa ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na ọkwa isii:
(1) Na-eguzogide kpamkpam: ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion erughị 0.001 mm / afọ
(2) Nnukwu ihe na-eguzogide corrosion: ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion 0.001 ruo 0.01 mm / afọ
(3) Nguzogide nrụrụ: ọnụego corrosion 0.01 ruo 0.1 mm / afọ
(4) Ka na-eguzogide corrosion: ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion 0.1 ruo 1.0 mm / afọ
(5) Nguzogide corrosion na-adịghị mma: ọnụego corrosion 1.0 ruo 10 mm / afọ
(6) Ọ bụghị ihe na-eguzogide corrosion: ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion karịrị 10 mm / afọ
Usoro itoolu mgbochi corrosion
1. Họrọ ihe na-eguzogide corrosion dị ka ihe na-emebi emebi si dị
N'ime mmepụta n'ezie, nrụrụ nke onye na-ajụ ihe dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya, ọ bụrụgodị na ihe valvụ a na-eji mee ihe n'otu ihe ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ, ntinye uche, okpomọkụ na nrụgide nke ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche, na corrosion nke onye na-ahụ maka ihe na-abụghị otu. Maka mmụba ọ bụla 10 Celsius C na ọkara okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na-abawanye ihe dịka 1 ~ 3 ugboro.
Ntugharị nke ọkara na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmebi nke ihe valvụ ahụ, dịka onye ndu dị na sulfuric acid na obere ntinye uche, mmebi ahụ dị ntakịrị, na mgbe ntinye uche gafere 96%, corrosion na-ebili nke ọma. Carbon ígwè, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, nwere mmebi kachasị njọ mgbe mkpokọta sulfuric acid dị ihe dị ka 50%, na mgbe ntinye uche na-abawanye karịa 60%, corrosion na-ebelata nke ọma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, aluminom bụ ihe na-emebi emebi na nitric acid gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ nke nwere ihe karịrị 80%, mana ọ na-emebi emebi na ọkara na obere nitric acid, na igwe anaghị agba nchara na-eguzogide ọgwụ nitric acid, mana ọ na-abawanye karịa 95% nitric acid.
Site na ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu, a pụrụ ịhụ na nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ihe valvụ kwesịrị ịdabere na ọnọdụ a kapịrị ọnụ, nyochaa ihe dị iche iche na-emetụta corrosion, wee họrọ ihe dịka akwụkwọ ntuziaka mgbochi corrosion dị mkpa.
2. Jiri ihe na-abụghị ọla
Nguzogide corrosion na-abụghị nke ọla dị mma, ọ bụrụhaala na okpomọkụ na nrụgide nke valvụ ahụ na-egbo mkpa nke ihe ndị na-abụghị ígwè, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ ga-edozi nsogbu corrosion, kamakwa ịzọpụta ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa. A na-eme ahụ valvụ, bonnet, lining, sealing surface na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-abụghị ọla.
A na-eji plastik dị ka PTFE na chlorinated polyether, yana roba eke, neoprene, rọba nitrile na rọba ndị ọzọ maka mkpuchi valvụ, na isi ahụ nke valvụ ahụ bonnet bụ nke nkedo ígwè na carbon ígwè. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka ike nke valvụ ahụ dịkwuo ike, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka valvụ ahụ ghara imebi.
N’oge a, a na-eji rọba dị iche iche dị ka naịlọn na PTFE eme ihe, a na-ejikwa rọba eke na rọba sịntetik na-emepụta ebe dị iche iche a na-emechi ihe na mgbanaka akara, nke a na-eji na valves dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a na-abụghị ọla ndị a na-eji dị ka ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe ezigbo nkwụsị nke corrosion, ma na-enwekwa arụmọrụ nke ọma, nke kachasị mma maka iji ya na mgbasa ozi na akụkụ. N'ezie, ha na-adịchaghị ike ma na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na ụdị ngwa ngwa dị oke.
3. Metal elu ọgwụgwọ
(1) Njikọ Valve: A na-ejikarị galvanizing, chrome plating, na oxidation (acha anụnụ anụnụ) na-emeso valvụ njikọ valvụ iji mee ka ikike iguzogide ikuku ikuku na ọkara corrosion. Na mgbakwunye na ụzọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, a na-ejikwa ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ dị ka phosphating dị ka ọnọdụ ahụ si dị.
(2) Akara mkpuchi na akụkụ mechiri emechi na obere dayameta: a na-eji usoro elu dị ka nitriding na boronizing iji meziwanye nguzogide corrosion ya na iyi nguzogide.
(3) Stem mgbochi corrosion: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating na ndị ọzọ n'elu ọgwụgwọ usoro na-ọtụtụ ebe iji melite corrosion iguzogide, corrosion iguzogide na abrasion iguzogide.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche kwesịrị ịdị mma maka ihe dị iche iche azuokokoosisi na ebe ọrụ, na ikuku, mmiri vapor medium na asbestos packing contact stem, nwere ike iji chrome plating siri ike, usoro nitriding gas (igwe anaghị agba nchara ekwesịghị iji ion nitriding usoro): na ikuku ikuku hydrogen sulfide na-eji electroplating elu phosphorus nickel mkpuchi nwere mma nchebe arụmọrụ; 38CrMOAIA nwekwara ike na-eguzogide corrosion site na ion na gas nitriding, mana mkpuchi chrome siri ike adịghị mma maka ojiji; 2Cr13 nwere ike iguzogide amonia corrosion mgbe quenching na tempering, na carbon ígwè na-eji gas nitriding nwekwara ike iguzogide amonia corrosion, mgbe niile phosphorus-nickel plating n'ígwé na-adịghị eguzogide amonia corrosion, na gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA ihe nwere magburu onwe corrosion iguzogide na keukwu arụmọrụ, na ọ na-kasị na-eji valve azuokokoosisi.
(4) Obere valvụ caliber na aka aka: Ọ na-ejikarị chrome-plated iji meziwanye nguzogide corrosion ya ma chọọ valvụ ahụ mma.
4. Thermal spraying
Ịgba mmiri ọkụ bụ ụdị usoro usoro maka ịkwadebe mkpuchi, ma ghọọ otu n'ime teknụzụ ọhụrụ maka nchebe elu ihe. Ọ bụ usoro na-ewusi elu elu nke na-eji isi mmalite okpomọkụ ike dị elu (ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ọkụ eletrik, arc plasma, ọkụ eletrik, mgbawa gas, wdg) iji kpoo ma gbazee ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla, ma fesa ha n'elu ala pretreated n'ụdị atomization iji mepụta mkpuchi ịgba, ma ọ bụ kpoo isi elu n'otu oge ahụ, nke mere na mkpuchi ahụ na-agbazekwa usoro nke na-agbaze ọzọ. oyi akwa.
Ọtụtụ ọla na ha alloys, metal oxide ceramics, cermet composites na ike metal ogige nwere ike ntekwasa na metal ma ọ bụ na-abụghị metal substrates site otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ thermal spraying ụzọ, nke nwere ike melite elu corrosion iguzogide, eyi iguzogide, elu okpomọkụ iguzogide na ndị ọzọ Njirimara, na ogologo ọrụ ndụ. Thermal spraying pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ mkpuchi, na okpomọkụ mkpuchi, mkpuchi (ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma ọkụ eletrik), grindable sealing, onwe lubrication, thermal radieshon, electromagnetic shielding na ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche Njirimara, ojiji nke thermal spraying nwere ike ịrụkwa akụkụ.
5. fesa agba
Mkpuchi bụ ụzọ mgbochi corrosion a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na-egbochi corrosion na akara njirimara na ngwaahịa valvụ. Mkpuchi bụkwa ihe na-abụghị ọla, nke a na-ejikarị resin sịntetik, rubber slurry, mmanụ ihe oriri, ihe mgbaze, wdg, na-ekpuchi elu igwe, na-ekewapụ ihe na ikuku, na imezu nzube nke mgbochi corrosion.
A na-ejikarị akwa mkpuchi na mmiri, mmiri nnu, mmiri mmiri, ikuku na gburugburu ebe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị emebi emebi. A na-esekarị oghere dị n'ime valvụ ahụ na agba anticorrosive iji gbochie mmiri, ikuku na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ imebi valvụ ahụ.
6. Tinye ihe mgbochi corrosion
Usoro nke corrosion inhibitors na-achịkwa corrosion bụ na ọ na-akwalite polarization nke batrị. A na-ejikarị ihe mgbochi corrosion eme ihe na mgbasa ozi na ihe ndochi. Mgbakwunye nke corrosion inhibitors na-ajụ nwere ike belata corrosion nke akụrụngwa na valves, dị ka chromium-nickel igwe anaghị agba nchara na oxygen-free sulfuric acid, a nnukwu solubility nso n'ime a cemation steeti, corrosion bụ ihe dị njọ karị, ma na-agbakwụnye a obere ego nke ọla kọpa sulfate ma ọ bụ nitric acid na ndị ọzọ oxidants, nwere ike ime ka igwe anaghị agba nchara na-atụgharị n'ime a n'elu nke blunt ihe nkiri, na-egbochi ihe nkiri n'ime a blunt ala. hydrochloric acid, ma ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere obere oxidant, corrosion nke titanium nwere ike ibelata.
A na-ejikarị ule nrụgide valvụ eme ihe dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ule nrụgide, nke dị mfe ime ka corrosion nkevalvụ, na ịgbakwunye ntakịrị sodium nitrite na mmiri nwere ike igbochi mmebi nke valvụ site na mmiri. Ngwunye asbestos nwere chloride, nke na-emebi valvụ ahụ nke ukwuu, na ọdịnaya chloride nwere ike belata ma ọ bụrụ na a nakweere usoro ịsa mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ, mana usoro a siri ezigbo ike iji mejuputa, a pụghịkwa ịgbasa ya n'ozuzu ya, ọ dịkwa mma maka mkpa pụrụ iche.
Iji chebe valvụ ahụ ma gbochie mmebi nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa asbestos, na nkwakọ ngwaahịa asbestos, a na-ekpuchi ihe mgbochi corrosion na metal chụọ àjà na valvụ ahụ, ihe mgbochi corrosion bụ nke sodium nitrite na sodium chromate, nke nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri passivation n'elu elu nke valvụ ahụ ma melite valvụ na-eguzogide corrosion na valvụ nke na-eme ka valvụ ahụ kwụsịlata nwayọọ nwayọọ. gbazee ma rụọ ọrụ mmanye mmanu; N'ezie, zinc bụkwa ihe mgbochi corrosion, nke nwere ike ibu ụzọ jikọta ya na chloride na asbestos, nke mere na chloride na ohere kọntaktị metal na-ebelata nke ukwuu, iji nweta nzube nke mgbochi corrosion.
7. Electrochemical nchedo
E nwere ụdị abụọ nke nchebe electrochemical: nchebe anodic na nchebe cathodic. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji zinc na-echebe ígwè, zinc na-emebi emebi, a na-akpọ zinc metal metal, na mmepụta ihe, a na-eji ihe nchebe anode eme ihe, a na-eji nchebe cathodic eme ihe. A na-eji usoro nchebe cathodic a mee ihe maka nnukwu valves na valvụ dị mkpa, nke bụ usoro akụ na ụba, dị mfe ma dị irè, na zinc na-agbakwunye na nkwakọba asbestos iji chebe valvụ ahụ.
8. Jikwaa ebe na-emebi emebi
Ihe a na-akpọ gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ụdị abụọ nke nghọta sara mbara na nke dị warara, nghọta zuru oke nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-ezo aka na gburugburu ebe obibi valve ntinye na mgbasa ozi dị n'ime ya, na mmetụta dị warara nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe nkwụnye valve.
Ọtụtụ gburugburu enweghị ike ịchịkwa, na usoro mmepụta enweghị ike ịgbanwe n'ụzọ aka ike. Naanị na ọ bụrụ na a gaghị enwe mmebi nke ngwaahịa na usoro, usoro nke ịchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịnakwere, dị ka deoxygenation nke mmiri ọkụ, alkali mgbakwunye na mmanụ refining usoro iji dozie uru PH, wdg Site n'echiche a, mgbakwunye nke corrosion inhibitors na electrochemical nchebe e kwuru n'elu bụ ụzọ iji chịkwaa gburugburu ebe obibi na-emebi emebi.
Igwe ikuku juputara na uzuzu, uzuzu mmiri na anwụrụ ọkụ, ọkachasị na gburugburu ebe a na-emepụta ihe, dị ka brine anwụrụ ọkụ, gas na-egbu egbu na ntụ ntụ dị mma nke akụrụngwa na-ebupụta, nke ga-eme ka ogo corrosion dị iche iche na valvụ ahụ. Onye na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịdị ọcha mgbe niile ma na-ehichapụ valvụ ma na-agbanye mmanụ mgbe niile dịka ndokwa nke usoro ọrụ si dị, nke bụ ihe dị irè iji chịkwaa mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Ịwụnye ihe mkpuchi nchebe na valvụ valvụ, ịtọ ala nke ọma na valvụ ala, na ịgbanye agba n'elu valvụ ahụ bụ ụzọ niile iji gbochie ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na-emebi emebi.valvụ.
Mmụba nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na mmetọ ikuku, karịsịa maka akụrụngwa na valvụ na gburugburu ebe a na-emechi emechi, ga-eme ka mmebi ha dịkwuo elu, a ga-ejikwa ụlọ ọrụ mepere emepe ma ọ bụ ikuku ventilashị na ihe dị jụụ mee ihe dị ka o kwere mee iji mee ka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi kwụsị.
9. Meziwanye nkà na ụzụ nhazi na nhazi valve
Nchedo mgbochi corrosion nkevalvụbụ nsogbu a tụlere site na mmalite nke nhazi ahụ, na ngwaahịa valvụ nke nwere usoro nhazi ezi uche dị na ya na usoro nhazi ziri ezi ga-enwe mmetụta dị mma n'ịkwụsị nkwụsị nke valvụ ahụ. Ya mere, ngalaba nhazi na mmepụta ihe kwesịrị imeziwanye akụkụ ndị na-adịghị mma na nhazi nhazi, na-ezighị ezi na usoro usoro na mfe ime ka corrosion na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ime ka ha kwekọọ na ọnọdụ ọrụ dị iche iche.
Oge nzipu: Jan-22-2025
